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Pierre Le Turcq (18th century)


Le Turcq is one of the few privateers who not only acquired fame but also fortune. He was active for only a short period of time, from 1781 to 1782, but it was enough for him to become renowned as a privateer. He was born in France and was at that time living in the city of Vlissingen. Prior to his privateering activities in the Netherlands he served for several years under the American privateer John Paul Jones.

As the commander of the vessel the Jager, carrying 14 cannons, he sailed from Vlissingen on 6 September 1781. Over a 9 day period he managed to capture 4 prizes. Several enemy ships repeatedly chased him and in the end forced him to beach his ship on the coast of 's-Gravenzande. Shortly thereafter he was again active, this time on the ship the Vlissinger which had 18 cannons and a crew of 54 sailors. With this ship he made several voyages in 1871 and managed to capture several more ships.

The biggest prize of Le Turcq was a French East India merchant which he took from the British. Its estimated value was two tuns of gold. Le Turcq had bad luck, however, because he lost the ship again to the British after a big storm that forced Le Turcq to sail near the English coast.

On 7 February 1782 Le Turcq audaciously attacked a British fleet of merchant and transport ships in the harbour of Dover. Despite being defended by six frigates he was able to take a longboat and a brig. On 1 March 1781 he was able to capture another enemy brig. On 2 March, the day after, he got into a fight with 4 British luggers near the English coast. After a battle of more than 2 hours the British ships, that had 10 to 16 cannons per ship (who was forced to flee). This particular action made him famous throughout the Dutch Republic. After another battle that lasted 4 hours, with a British cutter of 18 cannons who was forced to flee, he arrived again in Zeeland with an estimated prize of 3 tuns of gold. A special church service was dedicated to him upon his return. He received a special saber with a silver hilt on a strap, that also had silver on it, from the ship owner Nortier as a sign of recognition for services rendered. The silver plating on the strap was engraved with the arms of Vlissingen. Le Turcq also received two pistols that were also inlaid with silver.

Le Turcq sailed again on 16 June 1782 with the lugger Zeeuw. This time his voyage was not so succesful. On June 20th he was attacked by a British man-of-war, the Defiance, that was under the command of Lieutenant Cadmann. The ensuing battle resulted in 21 dead and 17 wounded on board the Zeeuw. The battle lasted 2 hours, after which Le Turcq was forced to surrender. Le Turcq was heavily wounded in this battle. He and his crew were brought to an English harbour. He managed to escape his prison, though, and returned, badly mutilated, to Vlissingen. The ship owner promised him another ship and Comission, but due to a ceasefire with the British, his services were not called on again. In 1783 a portrait of him was painted by P.W. van Megen. He used a drawing of Pierre Le Turcq that was made by J. Perkois in 1782.


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For this text I drew heavily on:
Prud'Homme van Reine, R.B. + EWvdO
Kapers op de kust : Nederlandse kaapvaart en piraterij 1500 - 1800 / R.B. Prud'Homme van Reine, E.W. van der Oest. - Vlissingen : ADZ Vlissingen, 1991
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